Openssl ECDSA 椭圆曲线数字签名

ECDSA概述

椭圆曲线数字签名算法（ECDSA）是使用椭圆曲线密码（ECC）对数字签名算法（DSA）的模拟。与普通的离散对数问题（DLP）和大数分解问题（IFP）不同，椭圆曲线离散对数问题没有亚指数时间的解决方法。因此椭圆曲线密码的单位比特强度要高于其他公钥体制。

数字签名算法（DSA）在联邦信息处理标准FIPS中有详细论述，称为数字签名标准。它的安全性基于素域上的离散对数问题。可以看作是椭圆曲线对先前离散对数问题（DLP）的密码系统的模拟，只是群元素由素域中的元素数换为有限域上的椭圆曲线上的点。椭圆曲线离散对数问题远难于离散对数问题，单位比特强度要远高于传统的离散对数系统。因此在使用较短的密钥的情况下，ECC可以达到于DL系统相同的安全级别。这带来的好处就是计算参数更小，密钥更短，运算速度更快，签名也更加短小。

ECDSA原理

ECDSA是ECC与DSA的结合，整个签名过程与DSA类似，所不一样的是签名中采取的算法为ECC，最后签名出来的值也是分为r,s。
签名过程如下：
1、选择一条椭圆曲线Ep(a,b)，和基点G；
2、选择私有密钥k（k<n，n为G的阶），利用基点G计算公开密钥K=kG；
3、产生一个随机整数r（r<n），计算点R=rG；
4、将原数据和点R的坐标值x,y作为参数，计算SHA1做为hash，即Hash=SHA1(原数据,x,y)；
5、计算s≡r - Hash * k (mod n)
6、r和s做为签名值，如果r和s其中一个为0，重新从第3步开始执行
验证过程如下：
1、接受方在收到消息(m)和签名值(r,s)后，进行以下运算
2、计算：sG+H(m)P=(x1,y1), r1≡ x1 mod p。
3、验证等式：r1 ≡ r mod p。
4、如果等式成立，接受签名，否则签名无效

ref ECDSA签名算法介绍 - 知乎

椭圆曲线加密与哈希函数是什么？非对称加密是什么？比特币中的数学原理这里讲的也很清楚

生成公私钥/证书

查看曲线标准

bash

% openssl ecparam -list_curve

  secp112r1 : SECG/WTLS curve over a 112 bit prime field
  secp112r2 : SECG curve over a 112 bit prime field
  secp128r1 : SECG curve over a 128 bit prime field
  secp128r2 : SECG curve over a 128 bit prime field
  secp160k1 : SECG curve over a 160 bit prime field
  secp160r1 : SECG curve over a 160 bit prime field
  secp160r2 : SECG/WTLS curve over a 160 bit prime field
  secp192k1 : SECG curve over a 192 bit prime field
  secp224k1 : SECG curve over a 224 bit prime field
  secp224r1 : NIST/SECG curve over a 224 bit prime field
  secp256k1 : SECG curve over a 256 bit prime field
  secp384r1 : NIST/SECG curve over a 384 bit prime field
  secp521r1 : NIST/SECG curve over a 521 bit prime field
  prime192v1: NIST/X9.62/SECG curve over a 192 bit prime field
  prime192v2: X9.62 curve over a 192 bit prime field
  prime192v3: X9.62 curve over a 192 bit prime field
  prime239v1: X9.62 curve over a 239 bit prime field
  prime239v2: X9.62 curve over a 239 bit prime field
  prime239v3: X9.62 curve over a 239 bit prime field
  prime256v1: X9.62/SECG curve over a 256 bit prime field
  sect113r1 : SECG curve over a 113 bit binary field
  sect113r2 : SECG curve over a 113 bit binary field
  sect131r1 : SECG/WTLS curve over a 131 bit binary field
  sect131r2 : SECG curve over a 131 bit binary field
  sect163k1 : NIST/SECG/WTLS curve over a 163 bit binary field
  sect163r1 : SECG curve over a 163 bit binary field
  sect163r2 : NIST/SECG curve over a 163 bit binary field
  sect193r1 : SECG curve over a 193 bit binary field
  sect193r2 : SECG curve over a 193 bit binary field
  sect233k1 : NIST/SECG/WTLS curve over a 233 bit binary field
  sect233r1 : NIST/SECG/WTLS curve over a 233 bit binary field
  sect239k1 : SECG curve over a 239 bit binary field
  sect283k1 : NIST/SECG curve over a 283 bit binary field
  sect283r1 : NIST/SECG curve over a 283 bit binary field
  sect409k1 : NIST/SECG curve over a 409 bit binary field
  sect409r1 : NIST/SECG curve over a 409 bit binary field
  sect571k1 : NIST/SECG curve over a 571 bit binary field
  sect571r1 : NIST/SECG curve over a 571 bit binary field
  c2pnb163v1: X9.62 curve over a 163 bit binary field
  c2pnb163v2: X9.62 curve over a 163 bit binary field
  c2pnb163v3: X9.62 curve over a 163 bit binary field
  c2pnb176v1: X9.62 curve over a 176 bit binary field
  c2tnb191v1: X9.62 curve over a 191 bit binary field
  c2tnb191v2: X9.62 curve over a 191 bit binary field
  c2tnb191v3: X9.62 curve over a 191 bit binary field
  c2pnb208w1: X9.62 curve over a 208 bit binary field
  c2tnb239v1: X9.62 curve over a 239 bit binary field
  c2tnb239v2: X9.62 curve over a 239 bit binary field
  c2tnb239v3: X9.62 curve over a 239 bit binary field
  c2pnb272w1: X9.62 curve over a 272 bit binary field
  c2pnb304w1: X9.62 curve over a 304 bit binary field
  c2tnb359v1: X9.62 curve over a 359 bit binary field
  c2pnb368w1: X9.62 curve over a 368 bit binary field
  c2tnb431r1: X9.62 curve over a 431 bit binary field
  wap-wsg-idm-ecid-wtls1: WTLS curve over a 113 bit binary field
  wap-wsg-idm-ecid-wtls3: NIST/SECG/WTLS curve over a 163 bit binary field
  wap-wsg-idm-ecid-wtls4: SECG curve over a 113 bit binary field
  wap-wsg-idm-ecid-wtls5: X9.62 curve over a 163 bit binary field
  wap-wsg-idm-ecid-wtls6: SECG/WTLS curve over a 112 bit prime field
  wap-wsg-idm-ecid-wtls7: SECG/WTLS curve over a 160 bit prime field
  wap-wsg-idm-ecid-wtls8: WTLS curve over a 112 bit prime field
  wap-wsg-idm-ecid-wtls9: WTLS curve over a 160 bit prime field
  wap-wsg-idm-ecid-wtls10: NIST/SECG/WTLS curve over a 233 bit binary field
  wap-wsg-idm-ecid-wtls11: NIST/SECG/WTLS curve over a 233 bit binary field
  wap-wsg-idm-ecid-wtls12: WTLS curve over a 224 bit prime field
  Oakley-EC2N-3:
	IPSec/IKE/Oakley curve #3 over a 155 bit binary field.
	Not suitable for ECDSA.
	Questionable extension field!
  Oakley-EC2N-4:
	IPSec/IKE/Oakley curve #4 over a 185 bit binary field.
	Not suitable for ECDSA.
	Questionable extension field!
  brainpoolP160r1: RFC 5639 curve over a 160 bit prime field
  brainpoolP160t1: RFC 5639 curve over a 160 bit prime field
  brainpoolP192r1: RFC 5639 curve over a 192 bit prime field
  brainpoolP192t1: RFC 5639 curve over a 192 bit prime field
  brainpoolP224r1: RFC 5639 curve over a 224 bit prime field
  brainpoolP224t1: RFC 5639 curve over a 224 bit prime field
  brainpoolP256r1: RFC 5639 curve over a 256 bit prime field
  brainpoolP256t1: RFC 5639 curve over a 256 bit prime field
  brainpoolP320r1: RFC 5639 curve over a 320 bit prime field
  brainpoolP320t1: RFC 5639 curve over a 320 bit prime field
  brainpoolP384r1: RFC 5639 curve over a 384 bit prime field
  brainpoolP384t1: RFC 5639 curve over a 384 bit prime field
  brainpoolP512r1: RFC 5639 curve over a 512 bit prime field
  brainpoolP512t1: RFC 5639 curve over a 512 bit prime field
  FRP256v1  : FRP256v1
  id-GostR3410-2001-TestParamSet: GOST R 34.10-2001 Test Curve
  id-GostR3410-2001-CryptoPro-A-ParamSet: GOST R 34.10-2001 CryptoPro-A
  id-GostR3410-2001-CryptoPro-B-ParamSet: GOST R 34.10-2001 CryptoPro-B
  id-GostR3410-2001-CryptoPro-C-ParamSet: GOST R 34.10-2001 CryptoPro-C
  id-GostR3410-2001-CryptoPro-XchA-ParamSet: GOST R 34.10-2001 CryptoPro-XchA
  id-GostR3410-2001-CryptoPro-XchB-ParamSet: GOST R 34.10-2001 CryptoPro-XchB
  id-tc26-gost-3410-2012-512-paramSetA: GOST R 34.10-2012 TC26-A
  id-tc26-gost-3410-2012-512-paramSetB: GOST R 34.10-2012 TC26-B

从曲线生成私钥（secp256k1)

bash

1	% openssl ecparam -name secp256k1 -genkey -noout -out private.pem

从私钥生成公钥

bash

1
2
3

% openssl ec -in private.pem -pubout -out public.pem
read EC key
writing EC key

创建自签名证书

bash

% openssl req -new -x509 -key private.pem -out cert.pem -days 30
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) []:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) []:BJUT
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:GG
Common Name (eg, fully qualified host name) []:TaQini
Email Address []:aaa@aaa.com

签名

签名（私钥签名）

bash

1
2
3

% openssl dgst -sha256 -sign private.pem -out ec.sig text.txt
% wc ec.sig
       2       7      72 ec.sig

签名内容ec.sig 为ASN.1 编码，其编码方式是：

Code

ECDSASignature ::= SEQUENCE {undefined
  r  INTEGER,
  s  INTEGER
}

长度应该是不等的，72左右

验签（公钥验签）

bash

1 2	% openssl dgst -sha256 -verify public.pem -signature ec.sig text.txt Verified OK

ref
Creating Elliptic Curve Keys using OpenSSL - ScottBrady91
使用OpenSSL 命令行进行ECC 签名及验签_henter的博客